{"id":4219,"date":"2026-03-28T00:03:40","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T15:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.id774.net\/entry\/?p=4219"},"modified":"2026-05-04T01:36:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T16:36:19","slug":"%e8%a6%b3%e6%b8%ac%e8%80%85%e3%82%92%e5%90%ab%e3%82%80%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e8%ab%96%e3%81%ae%e7%a2%ba%e7%8e%87%e3%83%a2%e3%83%87%e3%83%ab%e3%81%ae%e7%b5%b1%e4%b8%80%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9a%e5%bc%8f%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/2026\/03\/28\/4219\/","title":{"rendered":"\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u7a3f\u306f\u3001\u524d\u56de\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b<\/a>\u300d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u5171\u901a\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5199\u50cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6570\u7406\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089 \u039bCDM \u306e\u5f37\u307f\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u3001\u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u9078\u629e\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u8133\u554f\u984c\u3001SSA \/ SIA \/ FNC\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066 5 \u6b21\u5143\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u307e\u3067\u3092\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3067\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b[1]<\/a>[2]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5148\u306b\u66f8\u304f\u3068\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u8af8\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082 3 \u5c64\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6700\u3082\u898b\u901a\u3057\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002\u7b2c 1 \u306b\u3001\u53ef\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3092\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u6709\u52b9\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u5c64\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306b \u039bCDM \u304c\u3042\u308b[1]<\/a>[2]<\/a>\u3002\u7b2c 2 \u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u751f\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u5c64\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306b\u306f\u521d\u671f\u3086\u3089\u304e\u3001\u91cd\u529b\u6210\u9577\u3001\u97f3\u97ff\u632f\u52d5\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5165\u308b[3]<\/a>[4]<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u3002\u7b2c 3 \u306b\u3001\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u521d\u671f\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u5b9a\u6570\u3084\u5883\u754c\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u5c64\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u6e2c\u5ea6\u8ad6\u3001anthropic reasoning\u30015 \u6b21\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u306a\u3069\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5165\u308b[6]<\/a>[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

1. \u7406\u8ad6\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u6700\u5c0f\u5199\u50cf<\/h2>\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u5316\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u6700\u3082\u5727\u7e2e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f0f\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \\(\\mathcal{O}\\) \u3092\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9032\u5316\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u5199\u50cf\u306e\u5408\u6210\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8868\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a18\u53f7\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\mathcal{O} = F_{\\mathrm{obs}} \\circ F_{\\mathrm{dyn}} \\circ F_{\\mathrm{bg}}(\\Theta)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067 \\(\\Theta\\) \u306f\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u307e\u305f\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\\(F_{\\mathrm{bg}}\\) \u306f\u80cc\u666f\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u521d\u671f\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5199\u50cf\u3001\\(F_{\\mathrm{dyn}}\\) \u306f\u305d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u6642\u9593\u767a\u5c55\u3001\\(F_{\\mathrm{obs}}\\) \u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3078\u5c04\u5f71\u3059\u308b\u89b3\u6e2c\u5199\u50cf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b \\(\\Theta\\) \u304c\u7f8e\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b \\(\\Theta \\rightarrow \\mathcal{O}\\) \u304c\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u4e00\u610f\u304b\u3064\u53cd\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3067\u6c7a\u307e\u308b[1]<\/a>[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u69cb\u56f3\u306e\u5229\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u039bCDM \u3068\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3092\u7121\u7406\u306b\u540c\u3058\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u7af6\u5408\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304f\u3066\u6e08\u3080\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u039bCDM \u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408 \\(F_{\\mathrm{bg}}\\) \u3092\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u5316\u3057\u3001\\(F_{\\mathrm{dyn}}\\) \u3068 \\(F_{\\mathrm{obs}}\\) \u3092\u5c11\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u9589\u3058\u305f\u6709\u52b9\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3084\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u4eee\u8aac\u306f \\(F_{\\mathrm{bg}}\\) \u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u540c\u3058\u554f\u3044\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5c64\u3092\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[1]<\/a>[5]<\/a>[6]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5c64<\/th>\n\u5f79\u5272<\/th>\n\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5bfe\u8c61<\/th>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f37\u307f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
L1<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u8a18\u8ff0\u5c64\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53ef\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3092\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u039bCDM\u3001CMB \u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30c8\u3001BAO \u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30c8<\/td>\n\u53cd\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3068\u4e88\u6e2c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L2<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210\u69cb\u9020\u5c64\u3068\u3057\u3066\u89b3\u6e2c\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u751f\u3080\u529b\u5b66\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u521d\u671f\u3086\u3089\u304e\u3001\u97f3\u97ff\u632f\u52d5\u3001\u91cd\u529b\u6210\u9577\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/td>\n\u6a5f\u69cb\u8aac\u660e\u3068\u89b3\u6e2c\u5199\u50cf\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L3<\/td>\n\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u5c64\u3068\u3057\u3066\u80cc\u666f\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u5b9a\u6570\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30015 \u6b21\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3001BH \u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99<\/td>\n\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u306f\u9ad8\u3044\u304c\u53cd\u8a3c\u6027\u306f\u5f31\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

2. \u039bCDM \u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7406\u7531<\/h2>\n

\u039bCDM \u306f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u30c0\u30fc\u30af\u30de\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u30c0\u30fc\u30af\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672a\u89e3\u660e\u6210\u5206\u3092\u542b\u307f\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u89b3\u6e2c\u3068\u306e\u4e00\u81f4\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u305f\u3081\u306b\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Planck \u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5766\u306a 6 \u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306e base \u039bCDM \u304c\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u504f\u5149\u3001\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u542b\u3080 CMB \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306b\u6574\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u72ed\u3044\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u5236\u9650\u3057\u305f[1]<\/a>\u3002NASA \/ LAMBDA \u306e\u6574\u7406\u3067\u3082\u3001\u039bCDM \u306f\u5b87\u5b99\u53f2\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b[2]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u652f\u6301\u306e\u5b9f\u4f53\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u89b3\u6e2c\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u518d\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9060\u65b9\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u89b3\u6e2c\u306f\u52a0\u901f\u81a8\u5f35\u3092\u793a\u3057[3]<\/a>\u3001BAO \u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u5c3a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b87\u5b99\u81a8\u5f35\u53f2\u3092\u62d8\u675f\u3057[4]<\/a>\u3001CMB \u306f\u521d\u671f\u3086\u3089\u304e\u306e\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8\u30eb\u3068\u5b87\u5b99\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u6210\u5206\u6bd4\u3092\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u308b[1]<\/a>\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a \u039bCDM \u306f\u3001\u5358\u72ec\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u3092\u5f8c\u4ed8\u3051\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8d64\u65b9\u504f\u79fb\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7269\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee\u3092\u6301\u3064\u89b3\u6e2c\u7fa4\u3092\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u4f4e\u6b21\u5143\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u7cfb\u3067\u6a2a\u65ad\u7684\u306b\u8cab\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\theta_{\\Lambda \\mathrm{CDM}}
\n=
\n(H_0,\\ \\Omega_b h^2,\\ \\Omega_c h^2,\\ A_s,\\ n_s,\\ \\tau)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5c11\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u4e88\u6e2c<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\mathcal{O}_{\\mathrm{pred}}
\n=
\nF_{\\mathrm{obs}} \\circ F_{\\mathrm{dyn}}(\\theta_{\\Lambda \\mathrm{CDM}})
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u304c\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u70b9\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u4e88\u6e2c\u304c\u5916\u308c\u308c\u3070\u68c4\u5374\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3001\u039bCDM \u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u3082\u5f37\u3044\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b[1]<\/a>[3]<\/a>[4]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

3. \u751f\u6210\u69cb\u9020\u5c64\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u521d\u671f\u3086\u3089\u304e<\/h2>\n

\u039bCDM \u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u521d\u671f\u3086\u3089\u304e\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6e96\u5099\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046 L2 \u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5e73\u5766\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3001\u5730\u5e73\u7dda\u554f\u984c\u3001\u78c1\u6c17\u5358\u6975\u5b50\u554f\u984c\u3078\u306e\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u3086\u3089\u304e\u3092\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u306a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3086\u3089\u304e\u3078\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u69cb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001CMB \u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u3068\u6df1\u304f\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[5]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u300c\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u751f\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u3084 reheating \u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306f\u5e83\u3044\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6279\u5224\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u300c\u500b\u5225\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u7d5e\u3089\u308c\u3059\u304e\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3068\u300c\u751f\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u5927\u67a0\u304c\u4e0d\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6df7\u540c\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002Planck \u5f8c\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u7121\u52b9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u308a\u3001\u304b\u306a\u308a\u306e\u5358\u7d14\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u304c\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u3042\u308b[5]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\frac{dX}{dt} = \\mathcal{F}(X,\\ \\text{interactions})
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u3044\u3046\u62bd\u8c61\u5f0f\u3067\u66f8\u3051\u3070\u3001L2 \u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306f\u3001\u3086\u3089\u304e \\(X\\) \u304c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3068\u81a8\u5f35\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u767a\u5c55\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002BAO \u3082\u540c\u3058\u5c64\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u521d\u671f\u306e\u5149\u5b50\u30fb\u30d0\u30ea\u30aa\u30f3\u6d41\u4f53\u306e\u97f3\u97ff\u632f\u52d5\u304c\u3001\u518d\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\u306b\u6a19\u6e96\u5c3a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u51cd\u7d50\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5f8c\u306e\u9280\u6cb3\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u75d5\u8de1\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3001BAO \u306f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u300c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u5171\u632f\u69cb\u9020\u300d\u306e\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3067\u3042\u308b[4]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

4. \u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u304c\u89b3\u6e2c\u3068\u751f\u6210\u306e\u5c64\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001L3 \u306e\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u306a\u305c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u521d\u671f\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u5b9a\u6570\u3084\u5883\u754c\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3002\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u666f\u89b3\u30015 \u6b21\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u3067\u3042\u308b[6]<\/a>[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u306f\u3001L1 \u3067\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u6210\u5206\u3092\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u6b21\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u3084\u5206\u5e03\u306b\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u30c0\u30fc\u30af\u30de\u30bf\u30fc\u3084\u30c0\u30fc\u30af\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u5206\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30014 \u6b21\u5143\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u304c 1 \u3064\u4e0a\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u898b\u4e0b\u308d\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u6709\u52b9\u9805\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u60f3\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5c64\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u30025 \u6b21\u5143\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u4eee\u8aac\u3082\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u81a8\u5f35\u3001\u521d\u671f\u7279\u7570\u70b9\u3001\u5883\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6642\u7a7a\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b[17]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u5371\u967a\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002L3 \u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u306b\u512a\u308c\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\\(\\Theta\\) \u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u89b3\u6e2c\u3092\u5f8c\u4ed8\u3051\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u529b\u3067\u306f\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u4e88\u6e2c\u529b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3057\u3066\u524d\u9032\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001L2 \u3068 L1 \u306b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5236\u7d04\u3092\u4e0b\u308d\u3057\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u3092\u7981\u3058\u305f\u308a\u504f\u3089\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>[12]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

5. \u53cd\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u6570\u7406\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u79d1\u5b66\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u66d6\u6627\u306a\u54f2\u5b66\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e88\u6e2c\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3068\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u304f\u3002\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf \\(\\mathcal{O}\\) \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u7406\u8ad6 \\(T\\) \u306e\u78ba\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3092 \\(P(\\mathcal{O}\\mid T)\\) \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u53cd\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u6700\u5c0f\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u89b3\u6e2c\u9818\u57df\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\exists \\ \\mathcal{O}_* \\ \\text{such that} \\ P(\\mathcal{O}_* \\mid T) \\approx 0
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u304c\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u300c\u51fa\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u89b3\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u039bCDM \u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3002CMB \u306e\u30d4\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u305a\u308c\u308c\u3070\u68c4\u5374\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3057\u3001BAO \u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u5c3a\u304c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u306b\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u68c4\u5374\u3055\u308c\u308b[1]<\/a>[4]<\/a>\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u4eee\u8aac\u3084\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306b\u67d4\u8edf\u306a \\(\\Theta\\) \u3092\u8a31\u3059\u3068<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\forall \\ \\mathcal{O},\\ \\exists \\ \\Theta \\ \\text{such that} \\ P(\\mathcal{O}\\mid \\Theta,T) > 0
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3067\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u300c\u4f55\u3067\u3082\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u300c\u4f55\u3082\u7981\u3058\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f31\u70b9\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

6. \u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u306e\u6570\u7406\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h2>\n

\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3084\u6c38\u9060\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u9032\u3080\u3068\u3001\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u3069\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u304c\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u304b\u300d\u304b\u3089\u300c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u3069\u3046\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3078\u79fb\u308b\u3002\u72b6\u614b\u7a7a\u9593\u3092 \\((\\Omega,\\mathcal{F})\\) \u3068\u3057\u3001\u6e2c\u5ea6\u3092 \\(\\mu\\) \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6027\u8cea \\(A\\subseteq \\Omega\\) \u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3092<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(A) = \\frac{\\mu(A)}{\\mu(\\Omega)}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6c38\u9060\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408 \\(\\mu(\\Omega)=\\infty\\) \u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u3082\u5206\u6bcd\u3082\u767a\u6563\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001proper time\u3001scale-factor time\u3001light-cone time\u3001causal patch \u306a\u3069\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u30aa\u30d5\u898f\u5247\u3092\u63a1\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u5f8c\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u7121\u9650\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u300c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u81ea\u7136\u3067\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u300d\u6e2c\u5ea6\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b[6]<\/a>[9]<\/a>[18]<\/a>[19]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP_i = \\lim_{t_c\\to\\infty}\\frac{N_i(t_c)}{\\sum_j N_j(t_c)}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u3067\u5b87\u5b99\u578b \\(i\\) \u306e\u983b\u5ea6\u6975\u9650\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\\(t_c\\) \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u78ba\u7387\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002Bousso \u306e causal patch \u7cfb\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3084\u3001Linde \u3089\u306e measure \u6bd4\u8f03\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u3069\u3046\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u63d0\u6848\u7fa4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8aad\u3081\u308b[6]<\/a>[18]<\/a>[19]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u554f\u984c<\/th>\n\u6570\u7406\u7684\u5f62<\/th>\n\u4f55\u304c\u66d6\u6627\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u7121\u9650\u6b63\u898f\u5316<\/td>\n\\(\\mu(\\Omega)=\\infty\\) \u3067\u5206\u6bcd\u304c\u767a\u6563\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u304c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u30aa\u30d5\u4f9d\u5b58<\/td>\n\\(\\mu \\rightarrow \\mu_C\\) \u3067\u898f\u5247 \\(C\\) \u3054\u3068\u306b\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u7406\u8ad6\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u91cd\u307f\u4f9d\u5b58<\/td>\n\u5f8c\u3067\u639b\u3051\u308b \\(w\\) \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u4e88\u6e2c\u304c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u9078\u629e\u306b\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

7. anthropic bias \u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316<\/h2>\n

\u89b3\u6e2c\u9078\u629e\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u300c\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5b87\u5b99\u3060\u3051\u3092\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306b\u542b\u3081\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6570\u7406\u7684\u306b\u306f\u6e2c\u5ea6\u306e\u518d\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u3068\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u304f\u306e\u304c\u6700\u3082\u660e\u78ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3092 \\(\\theta\\) \u3068\u3057\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u6e2c\u5ea6\u3092 \\(d\\mu(\\theta)\\) \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u307e\u305f\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3092\u8868\u3059\u91cd\u307f \\(n_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)\\) \u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066<\/p>\n

\\[
\nd\\mu_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)=n_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)\\,d\\mu(\\theta)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf \\(O\\) \u306e\u5206\u5e03\u306f<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(O)=\\frac{\\int_{\\Theta} P(O\\mid \\theta)\\,n_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)\\,d\\mu(\\theta)}{\\int_{\\Theta} n_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)\\,d\\mu(\\theta)}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30d9\u30a4\u30ba\u66f4\u65b0<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(\\theta\\mid \\text{observer}) \\propto n_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)\\,\\mu(\\theta)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u540c\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001anthropic reasoning \u306f\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u300c\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3092\u901a\u3058\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u78ba\u7387\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a>[12]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067 \\(n_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\theta)\\) \u3092\u4f55\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u304b\u304c\u3059\u3050\u306b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u500b\u4f53\u6570\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u56de\u6570\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u6587\u660e\u6570\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u8a8d\u8b58\u3092\u6301\u3064\u60c5\u5831\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u6570\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3067\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3001anthropic bias \u306f\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u660e\u306a\u88dc\u6b63\u9805\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3059\u308b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u306a\u308b[12]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

8. \u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b<\/h2>\n

\u300c\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e anthropic reasoning \u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3068\u306f\u300c\u6642\u7a7a\u5185\u306b\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5916\u754c\u3068\u306e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8a18\u9332\u3057\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5b89\u5b9a\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u7d71\u5408\u7cfb\u300d\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u3086\u3089\u304e\u3084\u7121\u610f\u5473\u306a\u7c92\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u3092\u6301\u3064[7]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5b87\u5b99 \\(\\omega\\) \u306e\u6642\u7a7a \\(\\mathcal{M}(\\omega)\\) \u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u5c40\u6240\u72b6\u614b \\(s(x)\\) \u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u5224\u5b9a\u95a2\u6570 \\(\\chi_{\\mathrm{obs}}(s(x))\\) \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3001<\/p>\n

\\[
\nN_{\\mathrm{obs}}(\\omega)=\\int_{\\mathcal{M}(\\omega)} \\chi_{\\mathrm{obs}}(s(x))\\,dV
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u5bc6\u5ea6 \\(\\rho_{\\mathrm{obs}}(x)\\) \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3001<\/p>\n

\\[
\nw(\\omega)=\\int_{\\mathcal{M}(\\omega)}\\rho_{\\mathrm{obs}}(x)\\,dV
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067 \\(w(\\omega)\\) \u304c anthropic \u91cd\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\\(\\chi_{\\mathrm{obs}}\\) \u3084 \\(\\rho_{\\mathrm{obs}}\\) \u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304c\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3060\u3051\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u542b\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u70b9\u306b\u3042\u308b[12]<\/a>[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

9. \u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u8133\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n

\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u5e83\u304f\u53d6\u308a\u3059\u304e\u308b\u3068\u3001\u71b1\u5e73\u8861\u306b\u8fd1\u3044 de Sitter \u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u9577\u6642\u9593\u6975\u9650\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u306a\u71b1\u3086\u3089\u304e\u304b\u3089\u8133\u69d8\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3001\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u8133\u304c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u53f2\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3092 ordinary observers \u3068\u3057\u3001\u71b1\u3086\u3089\u304e\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3092 Boltzmann brains \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001anthropic \u91cd\u307f\u306f<\/p>\n

\\[
\nw(\\omega)=w_{\\mathrm{ord}}(\\omega)+w_{\\mathrm{BB}}(\\omega)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u5206\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\int_{\\Omega}w_{\\mathrm{BB}}(\\omega)\\,d\\mu(\\omega)\\gg \\int_{\\Omega}w_{\\mathrm{ord}}(\\omega)\\,d\\mu(\\omega)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u306a\u3089\u3001\u5178\u578b\u7684\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u306f\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u8133\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u6211\u3005\u304c\u6301\u3064\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u5b87\u5b99\u53f2\u3001\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u89b3\u6e2c\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\u306e\u6574\u5408\u3057\u305f\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d4c\u9a13\u306f\u3001\u5178\u578b\u6027\u304b\u3089\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5916\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u5df1\u7834\u58ca\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b[15]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56de\u907f\u7b56\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u771f\u7a7a\u5bff\u547d\u3092\u5341\u5206\u77ed\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3001\u30ab\u30c3\u30c8\u30aa\u30d5\u3067\u9577\u6642\u9593 de Sitter \u5c3e\u90e8\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u30fb\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u9023\u7d9a\u6027\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b BB \u3092 ad hoc \u306b\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u304c ordinary observers \u3092\u512a\u52e2\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b[15]<\/a>[18]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

10. SSA\u3001SIA\u3001FNC<\/h2>\n

\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u304c\u4f55\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3066\u3082\u3001\u307e\u3060\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u306f\u305d\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u3069\u3053\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u304f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u304c\u6b8b\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c SSA\u3001SIA\u3001FNC \u3067\u3042\u308b[13]<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

SSA \u306f Self-Sampling Assumption \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408 \\(R\\) \u306e\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u62bd\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f 1 \u4eba\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u3002\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3092 \\(N_R(T)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u89b3\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \\(D\\) \u3092\u6301\u3064\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u6570\u3092 \\(N_R(D\\mid T)\\) \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(D\\mid T,\\mathrm{SSA})=\\frac{N_R(D\\mid T)}{N_R(T)}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002SIA \u306f Self-Indication Assumption \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u6570\u306e\u591a\u3044\u7406\u8ad6\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u306e\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u6570\u304c\u639b\u304b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(T\\mid D,\\mathrm{SIA})\\propto N_R(D\\mid T)\\,P(T)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

FNC \u306f Full Non-indexical Conditioning \u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u6301\u3064\u975e\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u60c5\u5831 \\(I\\) \u3059\u3079\u3066\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(T\\mid I)\\propto P(I\\mid T)\\,P(T)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u66d6\u6627\u3055\u3092\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u3078\u79fb\u3057\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u3002FNC \u306f\u6700\u3082\u30d9\u30a4\u30ba\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\\(I\\) \u3092\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u539a\u304f\u53d6\u308b\u304b\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u3044\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b[14]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u7acb\u5834<\/th>\n\u4e2d\u6838\u767a\u60f3<\/th>\n\u5229\u70b9<\/th>\n\u5f31\u70b9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
SSA<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4e00\u69d8\u6a19\u672c\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u3002<\/td>\n\u5178\u578b\u6027\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u76f4\u63a5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9\u306b\u5f37\u304f\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIA<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u6570\u306e\u591a\u3044\u7406\u8ad6\u307b\u3069\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3092\u652f\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u5b58\u5728\u30d0\u30a4\u30a2\u30b9\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6271\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u904e\u5270\u751f\u6210\u3084 BB \u512a\u52e2\u3092\u5f8c\u62bc\u3057\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FNC<\/td>\n\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u975e\u6307\u6a19\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u30d9\u30a4\u30ba\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n\u60c5\u5831\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304c\u91cd\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u88c5\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

11. typicality \u3068 xerographic distribution<\/h2>\n

\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u306f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u3044\u306f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408 \\(R\\) \u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002Hartle \u3068 Srednicki \u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092 xerographic distribution \\(\\xi(r)\\) \u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u3002\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005 \\(r\\in R\\) \u306b\u5bfe\u3057<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\xi(r)\\ge 0,\\qquad \\sum_{r\\in R}\\xi(r)=1
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u304c \\(r\\) \u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e8b\u524d\u5206\u5e03\u3092 \\(\\xi\\) \u304c\u8868\u3059\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u5178\u578b\u6027\u3092\u4eee\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089 \\(\\xi(r)=1\/|R|\\) \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u89b3\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \\(D_r\\) \u304c\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3054\u3068\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3001\u7406\u8ad6 \\(T\\) \u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u81ea\u5206\u304c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf \\(D\\) \u3092\u6301\u3064\u78ba\u7387\u306f<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(D\\mid T,\\xi)=\\sum_{r\\in R(T)} \\xi(r)\\,\\mathbf{1}_{D_r=D}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e88\u6e2c\u306f\u9589\u3058\u305a\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u3069\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6570\u3048\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046 xerographic \u5206\u5e03\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3067\u3042\u308b[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

typicality \u306f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u95a2\u6570 \\(p_T(x)\\) \u306e\u3082\u3068\u3067\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u91cf \\(x_{\\mathrm{me}}\\) \u304c\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u304b\u3067\u6e2c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u5bc6\u5ea6\u578b\u306b\u306f<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\mathrm{Typ}(x_{\\mathrm{me}}\\mid T)=p_T(x_{\\mathrm{me}})
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u7d2f\u7a4d\u578b\u306b\u306f<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\mathrm{Typ}(x_{\\mathrm{me}}\\mid T)=P_T\\bigl(p_T(X)\\le p_T(x_{\\mathrm{me}})\\bigr)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u304c\u81ea\u5206\u3092\u6975\u7aef\u306b\u975e\u5178\u578b\u306a\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u3084\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u306f\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b[7]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

12. \u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n

\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408 \\(R\\) \u3092\u3069\u3046\u5b9a\u3081\u308b\u304b\u306f\u3001anthropic reasoning \u5168\u4f53\u306e\u5206\u5c90\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u3060\u3051\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u3068\u540c\u3058\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u3084\u8a18\u61b6\u3092\u6301\u3064\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u3060\u3051\u3092\u542b\u3081\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3067\u3001\u78ba\u7387\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u308f\u308b[16]<\/a>\u3002Friederich \u306f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u5178\u578b\u6027\u4eee\u5b9a\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u306b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u6307\u793a\u95a2\u6570 \\(\\chi_R(r)\\) \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066<\/p>\n

\\[
\nP(\\text{I am } r\\mid T,R,\\xi)=\\frac{\\xi(r)\\chi_R(r)}{\\sum_{r’}\\xi(r’)\\chi_R(r’)}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067 \\(R\\) \u306f\u300c\u8ab0\u3092\u5019\u88dc\u306b\u542b\u3081\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u3001\\(\\xi\\) \u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u3046\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3002\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u554f\u984c\u3068 typicality \u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u81ea\u5df1\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u554f\u984c\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u9762\u3067\u3042\u308b[7]<\/a>[8]<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

13. \u6e2c\u5ea6\u9078\u629e\u3068 anthropic \u91cd\u307f\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u4e8b\u524d\u6e2c\u5ea6 \\(\\mu\\) \u3068 anthropic \u91cd\u307f \\(w\\) \u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u306a\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u96d1\u306b\u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\\(\\mu\\) \u3082 \\(w\\) \u3082\u300c\u4f55\u3092\u3069\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u6570\u3048\u308b\u304b\u300d\u306e\u898f\u5247\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u304c\u540c\u3058\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u3092\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u6570\u3048\u308b\u5371\u967a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\\(\\mu\\) \u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u4f53\u7a4d\u6e2c\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u4eba\u6570\u91cd\u307f\u3092\u639b\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u4f53\u7a4d\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u304c\u4e8c\u91cd\u306b\u512a\u9047\u3055\u308c\u5f97\u308b[6]<\/a>[18]<\/a>[19]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5b89\u5168\u306a\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\u306f\u3001\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u6709\u52b9\u6e2c\u5ea6<\/p>\n

\\[
\nd\\nu(\\omega)=w(\\omega)\\,d\\mu(\\omega)
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\\(\\nu\\) \u304c\u4f55\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3092\u6570\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u975e\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u3001\u5ea7\u6a19\u4e0d\u5909\u6027\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u512a\u52e2\u3001\u53ef\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3078\u306e\u7e2e\u7d04\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308c\u3070\u3001anthropic reasoning \u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u6e2c\u5ea6\u300d\u3068\u300c\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u300d\u3092\u5225\u3005\u306b\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u8fbc\u307f\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6e2c\u5ea6 \\(\\nu\\) \u3092\u81ea\u7136\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u3042\u308b[6]<\/a>[9]<\/a>[18]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

14. 5 \u6b21\u5143\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u3053\u3067 5 \u6b21\u5143\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u3001\u3053\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u76f4\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u306f\u3001L1 \u306e\u88dc\u52a9\u9805\u3092 L3 \u306e\u80cc\u666f\u69cb\u9020\u3078\u5438\u53ce\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u81a8\u5f35\u3001\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0\u30d0\u30f3\u7279\u7570\u70b9\u3001\u898b\u304b\u3051\u306e\u30c0\u30fc\u30af\u6210\u5206\u3092\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u5e7e\u4f55\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u304c\u3042\u308b[17]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7f8e\u3057\u3055\u306f\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5f31\u70b9\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3082\u3057\u305d\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u304c \\(\\Theta\\) \u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5e83\u7bc4\u306a\u89b3\u6e2c\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3001L2 \u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30af\u30b9\u3084 L1 \u306e\u53ef\u89b3\u6e2c\u91cf\u3078\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u4e0b\u308a\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u307e\u3060\u5f37\u3044\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u300c\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u300d\u300c\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u300d\u300c\u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8a9e\u306e\u9b45\u529b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\Theta_{\\mathrm{5D\\ BH}} \\rightarrow \\mathcal{O}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9589\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u7a2e\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306f\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u306e\u5c64\u3067\u610f\u7fa9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u304c\u3001\u039bCDM \u306b\u5bfe\u6297\u3059\u308b\u89b3\u6e2c\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u5f31\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6574\u7406\u304c\u6700\u3082\u614e\u91cd\u3067\u3042\u308b[1]<\/a>[17]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

15. \u039bCDM \u3068\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u306f\u4e21\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u8005\u306f\u7af6\u5408\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u968e\u5c64\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7406\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e21\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u6700\u3082\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7b54\u3048\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u039bCDM \u306f\u6211\u3005\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b87\u5b99\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b L1 \u306e\u6709\u52b9\u7406\u8ad6\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u304c\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b L3 \u306e\u80cc\u666f\u5206\u5e03\u3067\u3042\u308b[1]<\/a>[5]<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u304c\u771f\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306e\u5b87\u5b99\u304c \u039bCDM \u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u6301\u3064\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u8a18\u8ff0\u3068\u3057\u3066 \u039bCDM \u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3001\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f<\/p>\n

\\[
\n\\text{Multiverse} \\Rightarrow \\text{distribution of } \\Theta \\Rightarrow \\theta_{\\Lambda\\mathrm{CDM}}^{(\\mathrm{our\\ patch})} \\Rightarrow \\mathcal{O}
\n\\]<\/div>\n

\u3068\u8868\u305b\u308b\u3002\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u304c\u3053\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u5341\u5206\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u3068 anthropic bias \u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u89b3\u6e2c\u4e88\u6e2c\u3078\u843d\u3068\u3057\u8fbc\u3081\u308b\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b[6]<\/a>[9]<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

16. \u7406\u8ad6\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u7dcf\u62ec<\/h2>\n

\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u8868\u306b\u5727\u7e2e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u7406\u8ad6\u307e\u305f\u306f\u67a0\u7d44\u307f<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u306a\u5c64<\/th>\n\u4f55\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u306a\u5f37\u307f<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u306a\u5f31\u307f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u039bCDM<\/td>\nL1<\/td>\nCMB\u3001BAO\u3001\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u4e88\u6e2c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3068\u53cd\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n\u30c0\u30fc\u30af\u6210\u5206\u306e\u5fae\u8996\u7684\u6b63\u4f53\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/td>\nL2<\/td>\n\u521d\u671f\u3086\u3089\u304e\u306e\u751f\u6210\u3068\u5b87\u5b99\u521d\u671f\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u6574\u5f62\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u751f\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u3068\u3057\u3066 CMB \u3068\u5f37\u304f\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u7a7a\u9593\u304c\u5e83\u304f\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u3078\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99 \/ \u666f\u89b3<\/td>\nL3<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u6570\u3084\u521d\u671f\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u5fae\u8abf\u6574\u554f\u984c\u3078\u306e\u5927\u57df\u7684\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u3068\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4e88\u6e2c\u304c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
anthropic reasoning<\/td>\nL3\u2192L1<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u3067\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u518d\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u9078\u629e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u660e\u793a\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001BB\u3001SSA \/ SIA \/ FNC \u306e\u9078\u629e\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5 \u6b21\u5143 BH \u5185\u90e8\u5b87\u5b99<\/td>\nL3<\/td>\n\u5b87\u5b99\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u3088\u308a\u4e0a\u4f4d\u306e\u5e7e\u4f55\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u518d\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n\u89b3\u6e2c\u5199\u50cf\u304c\u9589\u3058\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u601d\u8003\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u7559\u307e\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

17. \u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u8ad6<\/h2>\n

\u672c\u7a3f\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4e00\u6587\u306b\u5727\u7e2e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u80cc\u666f\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u5199\u50cf\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u8005\u9078\u629e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u5168\u4f53\u5199\u50cf\u3092\u3001\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u4e00\u610f\u304b\u3064\u53cd\u8a3c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u9589\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u039bCDM \u306f L1 \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3053\u306e\u8981\u8acb\u3092\u6700\u3082\u3088\u304f\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u5f37\u3044\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f L2 \u306e\u751f\u6210\u6a5f\u69cb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u3092\u652f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3084\u9ad8\u6b21\u5143\u4eee\u8aac\u306f L3 \u306e\u5927\u57df\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9b45\u529b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u304c\u3001\u6e2c\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\u3068 anthropic bias \u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066 L1 \u3078\u4e0b\u308a\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u306f\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b[1]<\/a>[5]<\/a>[6]<\/a>[7]<\/a>[15]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5224\u65ad\u57fa\u6e96\u306f\u6b21\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e0a\u4f4d\u69cb\u9020\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u7f8e\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\\(\\Theta \\rightarrow \\mathcal{O}\\) \u3092\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u9589\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002anthropic reasoning \u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4fbf\u5229\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6709\u52b9\u6e2c\u5ea6 \\(\\nu\\) \u3092\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u96c4\u5927\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u96c6\u5408\u3001typicality\u3001\u30dc\u30eb\u30c4\u30de\u30f3\u8133\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u4e88\u6e2c\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u63a8\u8ad6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9589\u3058\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u554f\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306b\u3001\u039bCDM \u304c\u306a\u304a\u5f37\u304f\u652f\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\u3084 5 \u6b21\u5143\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u306a\u304a\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3064\u3064\u672a\u78ba\u5b9a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d9a\u304d\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Planck Collaboration. Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters (2020). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1807.06209<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. NASA LAMBDA. \u039bCDM Model of Cosmology. https:\/\/lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov\/education\/graphic_history\/univ_evol.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Riess, Adam G. et al. Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant (1998). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/astro-ph\/9805201<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Slepian, Zachary et al. Detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Features in the Large-Scale Three-Point Correlation Function of SDSS BOSS DR12 CMASS Galaxies (2016). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1607.06097<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Guth, Alan H., Kaiser, David I., and Nomura, Yasunori. Inflationary paradigm after Planck 2013 (2013). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1312.7619<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Linde, Andrei and Noorbala, Mahdiyar. Measure Problem for Eternal and Non-Eternal Inflation (2010). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1006.2170<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Srednicki, Mark and Hartle, James B. Science in a Very Large Universe (2009 \/ 2010). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0906.0042<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Srednicki, Mark and Hartle, James B. The Xerographic Distribution: Scientific Reasoning in a Large Universe (2010). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1004.3816<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Khoury, Justin and collaborators. Bayesian Reasoning in Eternal Inflation (2022 \/ 2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2205.11524<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Weinberg, Steven. The Cosmological Constant Problems (2000). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/astro-ph\/0005265<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. Garriga, Jaume and Vilenkin, Alexander. Testable anthropic predictions for dark energy (2002). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/astro-ph\/0210358<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. Garriga, Jaume and Vilenkin, Alexander. Prediction and explanation in the multiverse (2008). https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevD.77.043526<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Bostrom, Nick. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (complete text). https:\/\/anthropic-principle.com\/anthropic-bias\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. Neal, Radford M. Puzzles of Anthropic Reasoning Resolved Using Full Non-indexical Conditioning (2006). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/math\/0608592<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. Carroll, Sean M. Why Boltzmann Brains Are Bad (2017). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1702.00850<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. Friederich, Simon. Resolving the observer reference class problem in cosmology (2017). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1707.04419<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. Dymnikova, Irina G. Universes inside a \u039b black hole (2001). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/gr-qc\/0102032<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. Bousso, Raphael. Eternal Inflation: The Inside Story (2006). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/hep-th\/0606114<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. Bousso, Raphael et al. A geometric solution to the coincidence problem, and the size of the landscape as the origin of hierarchy (2010). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1011.0714<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u672c\u7a3f\u306f\u3001\u524d\u56de\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u3092\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3067\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u8ad6\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u5171\u901a\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u3057\u3066\u518d\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u89b3\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5199\u50cf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6570\u7406\u7684\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089 \u039bCDM \u306e\u5f37\u307f\u3001\u591a … \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-math","category-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4219"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4471,"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4219\/revisions\/4471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpuia.id774.net\/entry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}